Introduction
Multiplication is the process of repeated addition. In this section, we focus on multiplying a 3-digit number by a 2-digit number and solving related word problems.
Explanation Step by Step
The components of multiplication are as follows:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Multiplicand | The number to be multiplied. |
| Multiplier | The number by which we multiply. |
| Product | The result obtained after multiplication. |
Multiplication (up to 3 digit number by 2 digit number) word problems
To solve word problems, identify the single unit value and multiply it by the required quantity.
Key Rules
- Multiplying any number by 0 results in 0.
- To multiply by 10, 100, or 1000, simply add 1, 2, or 3 zeros to the right of the number.
- Always start multiplying from the units place of the multiplier.
Examples
Example 1
If one chair costs 450 rupees, what is the cost of 12 such chairs?
Tricks and Shortcuts
Unit Digit Check: The product of the unit digits of the multiplicand and multiplier will have the same unit digit as the final product. Use this to quickly verify your answer.
Common Mistakes
Forgetting to add the placeholder '0' when moving to the tens place multiplication is the most common error.
Practice Questions
Easy Questions
- Find the product of 200 and 30.
- Multiply 123 by 3.
- If one notebook costs 20 rupees, find the cost of 15 notebooks.
Medium Questions
- Solve: 256 × 14.
- A farmer plants 42 trees in one row. How many trees are there in 25 rows?
- Multiply the smallest 3-digit number by the largest 2-digit number.
Hard Questions
- A truck carries 375 bags of cement. How many bags will 85 such trucks carry?
- A cloth merchant sells 1 meter of cloth for 145 rupees. If a customer buys 64 meters, how much does he pay?
- Find the product of 888 and 77.
Revision Summary
Remember: Multiplicand × Multiplier = Product. Mastery of tables up to 30 ensures speed and accuracy in calculations.